Friday 24 August 2007

Antiaging, Tak Perlu Risau Menjadi Tua

Antiaging tidak berarti melawan, namun memperlambat proses penuaan. Tidak hanya kulit, fungsi berbagai organ dan hormon pun bisa dikontrol.

Aging atau proses menua merupakan kewajaran dalam daur hidup manusia. Sebagai makhluk, manusia yang terlahir akan tumbuh menjadi anak-anak, remaja, dewasa, hingga manula.

Penuaan adalah konsekuensi normal dari pertambahan usia. Ada dua perbedaan tentang usia, yaitu usia biologis (biological age atau functional age) dan usia kronologis (chronological age). Usia biologis merupakan proses biologis yang terjadi dalam tubuh seiring pertambahan usia. Ini bisa ditandai, misalkan dengan menurunnya fungsi kekebalan tubuh, kekuatan tulang, dan fungsi hormon.

Adapun usia kronologis adalah usia dalam arti yang sebenarnya, dalam hitungan angka yang terus bertambah setiap tahun (makanya ada istilah ulang tahun). “Usia kronologis tidak bisa diubah atau dihalangi karena sudah kodrat. Dalam konsep antiaging, yang diubah adalah biological age. Itu sebabnya ada orang yang usia kronologisnya 50 tahun, tapi usia biologisnya tampak seperti masih 40 tahun,” kata Ketua Umum Perhimpunan Kedokteran Antipenuaan Indonesia (PERKAPI) Prof Dr Yahya Kisyanto PhD SpPD SpJP FACC di Jakarta, belum lama ini.

Masyarakat sering kali mengasosiasikan antiaging semata-mata mengacu pada kulit agar tetap terlihat awet muda dan kencang. Perempuan yang mendekati usia 40-an, banyak yang gelisah dengan kerutan yang mulai timbul di sana-sini dan dirasa mengganggu penampilan. Padahal, menurut Dr Yahya, look (penampilan luar) saja kadang tidak cukup, melainkan juga feel atau merasa muda.

”Pilarnya tidak hanya kosmetik, juga olahraga, mental yang sehat, serta makan yang cukup dan bergizi,” tegasnya.

Menurut Sekjen PERKAPI Dr Suharto SpKO DPH, komponen tubuh setiap orang akan mengalami penurunan kemampuan mulai usia 30 tahun. Indikator aging yang tampak misalnya penimbunan lemak di tubuh, penurunan kemampuan fisik dan keterampilan.

”Penurunan ini wajar. Kalau kekuatan otot mungkin bisa dilatih sejak muda agar bisa dipertahankan, tapi yang lain tidak bisa.Yang terpenting bagaimana caranya agar penurunan ini tidak terlalu tajam,” ujarnya.

Perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi pada beberapa dekade terakhir ini memungkinkan terjadinya kemajuan pesat dalam bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan pada umumnya.

Salah satu kemajuan yang dirasakan adalah pengendalian terhadap proses penuaan yang merupakan langkah maju dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit dan pengobatannya. Kemajuan di bidang biologi seluler misalnya, telah memungkinkan para ahli mengembangkan teknik pengganti organ tubuh (body part cloning) dan perbaikan fungsi bagian tubuh dengan hasil yang sangat memuaskan.

Beberapa hasil positif yang telah terlihat adalah dimungkinkannya pengendalian atau perbaikan dan pengobatan berbagai penyakit degeneratif seperti diabetes melitus (DM), obesitas, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan berbagai jenis kanker.

Para ahli kini berusaha memanfaatkan dan menerapkan dalam upaya memperbaiki derajat kesehatan, mencegah, mengobati, dan merehabilitasi berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Bahkan, menghambat dan memutar balik (reversing) proses penuaan sendiri.

Paradigma baru terkait antiaging mengungkapkan, penuaan adalah penyakit yang dapat diobati, dicegah dan dibalikkan (reverse). Tujuannya adalah meningkatkan kualitas hidup. ”Fokusnya adalah antipenuaan dan kedokteran regeneratif. Di sini dilihat bagaimana pengaruh penuaan pada beberapa komponen kesehatan seperti imunitas tubuh, hormon, gizi, dan kulit,” ungkap Dr Suharto.

Adapun lingkup antiaging antara lain meliputi detoksifikasi, diet, latihan fisik, pengurangan stres,suplementasi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masing-masing individu, harmonisasi hormon, dan memperbaiki penampilan fisik dan estetika. ”Kalau kesemuanya itu dilatih dengan baik, penurunan kemampuan fisik bisa lebih lambat,” tandas Suharto.

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